![]() ‘Umar was also the first Caliph to fix salaries for judges (which were high). On several occasions in Islamic history, the Caliph himself appeared before the judge to defend himself in a dispute. ‘Umar did not want to personally judge every dispute. Only when ‘Umar himself became Caliph, jurisprudence was formally integrated into the Islamic state. ![]() However, ’Abū Bakr still supervised the jurisprudence. The first Caliph after Muhammad’s death, ’Abū Bakr (أَبُو بَكْر), had put ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb in charge of the judiciary and appointed him as Qādī. ![]() It is debatable if the Prophet himself counts when we talk about the first Qādī because Muhammad, of course, also acted as a judge. The Qādī (الْقاضِي) is a Muslim judge who decides according to the Sharī‘a, the derived law of Islam. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (عُمَر بن الْخَطّاب) was the first judge in Islam.
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